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Santander Cathedral : ウィキペディア英語版
Santander Cathedral

Santander Cathedral (, or "Cathedral Basilica of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary of Santander") is located in the Spanish city of Santander. Its structure is mainly Gothic, although it has been extended and renovated in later times.
== History ==
The cathedral is a historical monumental complex built between the end of the 12th century and the 14th century on top of the former Santander Abbey also known as the "Abbey of the Holy Bodies" (''Abadía de los Cuerpos Santos''), an old monastery dedicated to Saints Emeterius and Celedonius.
The church was built from the 8th century on the hill known as ''Cerro de Somorrostro'', surrounded by water, where the Roman settlement of Portus Victoriae Iuliobrigensium had previously been located, in order to keep safe the relics of the saints martyred in Calahorra five centuries before, when their skulls were brought to Santander by those escaping the Muslim invasion of the Iberian Peninsula.
The construction of the lower floor dates from the 12th century, shortly after the city was granted its ''fueros''. Initially the abbey church, it was made a collegiate church under the title of the ''Colegiata de los Cuerpos Santos'' ("collegiate church of the Holy Bodies") in 1131 by King Alfonso VII, the Emperor. Its reconstruction in its current form was started by Alfonso VIII, after the ''fuero'' of Santander was granted in 1187.
The upper floor of the church was built between the end of the 12th century and the start of the 14th. Finally, the Gothic cloister was built.
The main portal, constructed around 1230, is of special interest, as it contains the first known carved coat of arms showing lions and castles together, after the final unification of Castile and León in the time of Fernando III, whose son, Sancho, was abbot here.
The church was expanded in the 16th and 17th centuries, incorporating new chapels.
In 1754 the diocese of Santander was created, and the collegiate church was transformed into a cathedral by Pope Benedict XIV, as the seat of the new bishop of Santander.
It suffered considerable damage as a result of the enormous dynamite explosion on the steamship ''Cabo Machichaco'' in the harbour in 1893. After surviving the Spanish Civil War, it suffered serious damage in the Santander Fire of 1941, and needed extensive reconstruction and repair from 1942 to 1953, when it was reopened. The architects in charge of this task were José Manuel Bringas and Juan José Resines del Castillo.
The respectful restoration performed on the affected parts today permits the appreciation of the architectural qualities of the original monument.
The church is also a basilica of immemorial memory.〔(GigaCatholic: Basilicas in Spain )〕

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